Bass Sale 1 Session 2

The Harry W. Bass, Jr. Collection - Part I

Patterns - Lots 1080-1119

1863 Postage Currency 10¢

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1080 1863 pattern dime. P-390, J-325. Rarity-6. Exchanged for U.S. Notes/Postage Currency. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: A shield with inverted laurel wreath suspended from a ring above. Two arrows are crossed behind the shield with the inscription, EXCHANGED FOR U.S. NOTES, around.

Reverse Design: The denomination and date, in three lines, 10 CENTS 1862, are surrounded by the inscription, POSTAGE CURRENCY, above, and ACT JULY 1862, below.

Surfaces: Reflective Proof surfaces with light blue peripheral toning. Moderate hairlines are visible on the reverse along with a long lint mark as made. Very slightly bent.

Narrative: Postage Currency (precursor of Fractional Currency) was first issued as a temporary expedient to solve the dilemma of coin hoarding, when coins were removed from circulation as fast as they were struck, causing a virtual collapse of commerce along the eastern seaboard beginning in July 1862. This 10-cent coin was proposed to provide for redemption of the Postage Currency notes in circulation. As such, this is one of the most important patterns issued in this era, from both numismatic and historical perspectives.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 20.1 grains. Diameter: 17.7 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Some obverse die breaks. Reverse die break connects the E in POSTAGE with the C in CURRENCY.

Postage Currency and the Financial Crisis: In 1862 the Civil War was raging, and the outcome was uncertain. Some foreign countries (England being the prime example) dallied with the idea of recognizing the Confederate States of America, while others sided with the Union. Meanwhile, as in other times of national emergency, the public tried to squirrel away items of lasting value. In the second week of July, 1862, there was a flurry of hoarding throughout the Eastern and Midwest sections of the United States. By month's end no silver coins were seen in circulation, and copper-nickel Flying Eagle and Indian cents-once ubiquitous-were few and far between. Gold coins had not been seen in general trade since the preceding January.

As a palliative Congress passed the Act of July 17, 1862, stating that ordinary postage stamps could be used as money in paying federal debts up to $5. The intent of this law was subverted soon thereafter, and the Treasury ordered a supply of privately printed notes popularly referred to as Postage Currency, although there had been no legal provision for them. (Today these are collected as part of the Fractional Currency series.) Postal Currency notes were first distributed to Army paymasters in August 1862 and to the public in September. By early 1863 about $100,000 of these notes reached circulation per day, but the demand remained unsatisfied. Denominations were 5¢, 10¢, 25¢, and 50¢. The first of these notes had perforated edges just like stamps.

Meanwhile, in New York City in mid-July, 1862, there were no silver three-cent pieces, half dimes, or other coins of intrinsic value with which to buy a glass of soda or a mug of beer or a streetcar ride, unless such coins were purchased at a premium from a speculator. The scene was set, and for over a decade, beginning in the summer of 1862, substituting in the place of silver coins were many privately issued items including tickets and small notes printed in values from 1¢ upward, government postage stamps placed in privately printed envelopes and brass frames (the latter known as encased postage stamps), and a vast flood of small one-cent-size bronze (mostly) and brass tokens.

The Postal Currency notes served well, but in 1863 it was decided to replace them with another issue of paper. Under the provisions of the Act of March 3, 1863, the federal government issued Fractional Currency notes in denominations from 5¢ to 50¢, but this distribution did not begin until October 10 of the same year. At this time the tattered Postage Currency notes began to be gradually retired.

The presently offered pattern 10¢ piece was intended to facilitate such redemption. However, it never went beyond pattern status. The series, presently under study by David Cassell, has many interesting die states and progressions.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

1863 Aluminum Postage Currency 10¢

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1081 1863 pattern dime. P-397, J-327. Rarity-6. Exchanged for U.S. Notes/Postage Currency. Proof-63 (PCGS). Aluminum. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Light gray with minor hairlines. A sharp impression with all details nicely defined. Numerous obverse and reverse spots.

Narrative: During the Postage Currency experiment, samples were prepared utilizing various compositions. Mint Director Pollock sent various samples to Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase, with a description of each. Regarding the aluminum samples, Pollock noted "In aluminum, one weighs eight grains: about as thin as would be practicable: intrinsic value about five cts; nominal value ten cts." An interesting side note to this report is the value of aluminum in 1863, about $3.00 per troy ounce.

This aluminum striking is especially important from a numismatic viewpoint.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 7.9 grains. Diameter: 17.7 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Faint die cracks are visible on both obverse and reverse. Minor die rust is present on both surfaces. Obverse with break from U.S. left to rim, splitting, and one branch continuing to left base of E. Another break from rim touching left of N (in exchange) to and through shield, arrow feathers, right side of E (in NOTES), to border.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

1863 Postage Currency 10¢

P-399, Tin

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1082 1863 pattern dime. P-399, J-329. Rarity-6. Exchanged for U.S. Notes/Postage Currency. Proof-65 (PCGS). Tin. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Very slightly bent, not unusual for this very soft composition. Reflective light gray surfaces with minimal impairments.

Narrative: Two weight standards were reported by Mint Director Pollock, including examples at 21 grains and others at 27 grains. Andrew Pollock reports two compositions, 97% tin and 3% copper, or 75% tin and 25% copper. An interesting experiment would involve elemental analysis of examples from the different weight standards.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 21.0 grains. Diameter: 17.7 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: From the same dies as the previous lot, with die cracks not as advanced. There is no evidence of die rust.

From Stack's sale of the Massachusetts Historical Society Sale, March 29, 1973, Lot 325.

1863 Postage Currency 10¢

Tin-Copper Alloy

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1083 1863 pattern dime. P-399, J-330. Rarity-6. Exchanged for U.S. Notes/Postage Currency. Proof-65 (PCGS). Tin-copper. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Attractive amber and light blue toning over mirrored surfaces.

Narrative: Attribution is tentative in absence of specific elemental analysis.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 24.5 grains. Diameter: 17.8 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Obverse die cracks similar to the previous lot. Reverse die break connects the E in POSTAGE to the first C in CURRENCY.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

1868 Fractional Currency Redemption 10¢

P-715, Silver

Possibly Unique

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1084 1868 pattern dime. P-715, J-643. Rarity-8. Exchanged for U.S. Notes. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding, as used on the Postage Currency redemption patterns of 1863.

Reverse Design: Similar to the adopted reverse of the regular-issue dimes with the addition of a star above the denomination, and the date, 1868, below.

Surfaces: A superb, brilliant Proof with silvery white surfaces and minor abrasions, including a few light planchet flakes. Generally sharp although an area of weakness is visible at 2:00 on the obverse and 4:00 on the reverse.

Narrative: This issue combines the 1863 Postage Currency redemption obverse die, with legend EXCHANGED FOR U.S. NOTES with a new reverse, no doubt as by 1868 the redemption of Postage Currency notes (issued in 1862 and redeemed beginning in 1863) was no longer an important question. It can be conjectured that the present 1868 pattern was intended for the redemption of Fractional Currency notes, first issued in 1863, many of which were becoming quite tattered. Perhaps no successor to the 1863 die, such as a new 1868 reverse die with an inscription reading FRACTIONAL CURRENCY, was needed, inasmuch as the 1868 coin could be used to redeem either Postage Currency or Fractional Currency notes.

The present coin is the only one known to Andrew W. Pollock and Harry Bass, and we trace no other. Its rarity is long standing, as evidenced by its being unknown to R. Coulton Davis and William H. Woodin (Adams-Woodin text writer). Moreover, as this specimen is in silver, it becomes all the more important. For the pattern specialist, for the Fractional Currency specialist, this offering may well be a once in a lifetime opportunity.

Note: In the 1973 FUN sale, this coin was offered as Judd-644, the same design in nickel composition. Currently this identical coin is included in the Pollock reference as P-715, J-643. The exact composition has not been verified by us.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 31.7 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Obverse with break from U.S. left to rim, splitting, and one branch continuing to left base of E. Another break from rim touching left of N (in exchange) to and through shield, arrow feathers, right side of E (in NOTES), to border. The obverse has light die cracks, while the reverse has traces of die rust.

From our sale of the William Sieck Collection, July 28, 1981, Lot 80. Previously from RARCOA's 1973 FUN Sale, Lot 588. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 281.

1868 "Fractional Currency" Dime

P-716, Nickel

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1085 1868 pattern dime. P-716, J-644. Rarity-7. Exchanged for U.S. Notes. Proof-65 (PCGS). Nickel. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Light gold toning with moderately reflective Proof surfaces and very light cameo devices. Similar to the previous lot regarding overall strike and quality.

Narrative: Patterns of this design were produced in silver, nickel, copper, and aluminum. All are very rare, with nickel and aluminum examples very slightly less rare than the unique silver or very rare copper. Probably not more than eight to 10 examples of this issue exist in nickel. Another important opportunity.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 30.8 grains. Diameter: 17.8 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Equivalent to the previous lot.

From Abner Kreisberg's "Quality" Sales Corp, November 30, 1970, Lot 1290.

Superb Gem 1868 "Fractional Currency" 10¢

Issued for Exchange with Currency

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1086 1868 pattern dime. P-717, J-645. Rarity-7+. Exchanged for U.S. Notes. Proof-67 BN (PCGS). Copper. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Deep maroon with bright blue and light amber toning. Light surface spots and abrasions are visible. This lovely coin has a double struck reverse with about 5° rotation between strikes, a most interesting characteristic. There is no evidence of obverse doubling.

Narrative: In all compositions, combined, we estimate only about two dozen examples survive from this die combination. Perhaps only four or five examples survive in copper.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 28.0 grains. Diameter: 17.6 mm. Die alignment: 360°. Die notes: Obverse similar to the previous two lots. The reverse, however, does not exhibit any traces of die rust.

Purchased from Brinton T. Schorer, May 3, 1973.

1869 Standard Silver Dime

First of a Series

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1087 1869 pattern dime. P-780, J-701. Rarity-7. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Aluminum. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: A bust of Liberty is facing right, wearing a cap ornamented by three stars. Above, the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Below, a scroll inscribed with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST.

Reverse Design: The denomination, 10 CENTS, is inside a wreath of oak and laurel, the inscription STANDARD SILVER above, the date below.

Surfaces: Very sharply struck with attractive light gray surfaces. Deeply mirrored fields and frosted devices combine to present a desirable cameo appearance. Very high knife edges are noted at 12:00 on the obverse and at 2:00 on the reverse, a characteristic that is often noted on aluminum patterns.

Narrative: This coin inaugurates a notable offering of Standard Silver coins from the Bass Collection. Examples are offered across various denominations from the dime to the dollar, and in silver, copper, and aluminum, and with reeded or plain edges. See our commentary below.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 7.5 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Numerous die lines and die lumps are present on both obverse and reverse.

The "Standard Silver" Coinage: The so-called and so-imprinted Standard Silver coinage arose in late 1869 and was continued in 1870 as a proposal to strike coins in silver, but of lighter weight and smaller diameter (in most instances) than the current Liberty Seated design. As related earlier in the present catalogue, after the summer of 1862 all federal coins disappeared from circulation. Soon, Postage Currency (1862) and Fractional Currency (1863 onward) notes took their place. By spring 1864, copper-nickel Indian Head cents were back in the channels of commerce, joined in May of that year with the new bronze cents, and soon, the new bronze two-cent pieces. In 1865 the nickel alloy three-cent piece made its debut and was popular, followed in 1866 by the Shield design nickel five-cents. Meanwhile, silver coins were still retained by the Treasury Department as were gold coins. Such coins were available, but only at a sharp premium.

By 1869, many Fractional Currency notes had become soiled and tattered, veritable rags. It was believed that it was time to reintroduce silver coins. However, it was felt that if regular Liberty Seated coins of the authorized weights were placed into circulation, they would be hoarded immediately. To circumvent this possibility, the Standard Silver (so-called) coinage series was devised. The denominations of 10¢, 25¢, and 50¢ were planned to be made of smaller diameter and lighter weight than the Liberty Seated coins. There would be no profit in melting them down for their silver content. Thus, if all went as planned, the new coins would circulate effectively and would permit the Fractional Currency notes to be retired.

Distinctive designs were created by William Barber. The obverse featured the head of Miss Liberty facing to the right, with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST on a ribbon below. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA was around the border. The reverse employed an open wreath, within which was the denomination and outside of which was STANDARD SILVER and the date. In 1869 these three denominations were made. For all intents and purposes, true patterns should have been made in silver, and many were. However, delicacies were also made in copper and aluminum. Further varieties were created by using both plain and reeded edge collars when striking the coins.

In 1870 the silver dollar was added, although the writer is not certain whether this was ever intended for true pattern purposes; in 1870 Liberty Seated dollars of the federal standard were minted as bullion coins for use in China, and there was no reason to disturb this situation. In this year and in 1871, additional design modifications were made, including some Liberty Seated versions. As a quick perusal of the Judd or Pollock text will reveal, the Standard Silver series became a numismatic playground, and hundreds of varieties were struck. Nowhere else in American pattern coinage was an "experimental" series made in such profusion. Although some were openly sold to collectors, including 69 sets of nine coins per set in 1869, most were distributed clandestinely, probably through John W. Haseltine, local rare coin dealer who was a tried and true confidant of Mint officials and who never broke the code.

In 1873 the Treasury Department resumed, in a small way, the paying out of regular Liberty Seated coins, and in April 1876 the floodgates were opened wide. After that time, dimes, quarters, and half dollars were again plentiful in commerce. Regarding all of the dies and designs made for Standard Silver coins in 1869, 1870, 1871, nothing further was done concerning them. Also see related note under Lot 1247.

Purchased from Lee F. Hewitt, April 17, 1972.

1869 Standard Silver Dime

P-781, Silver

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1088 1869 pattern dime. P-781, J-702. Rarity-6. Standard Silver. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: A bust of Liberty is facing right, wearing a diadem, with her hair tied in a bun. Above, the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Below, a scroll inscribed with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: An attractive cameo with deep steel and blue fields around brilliant devices. A few minor hairlines are present.

Narrative: For the Standard Silver 10-cent issues of 1869, three different obverse designs were employed. Each was issued in silver, copper, or aluminum, and each composition was prepared with either reeded edge or plain edge. The total, therefore, includes 18 different varieties. Five of these are offered in the current sale.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 31.0 grains. Diameter: 16.4 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Several minute die lines are visible, the majority of these on the obverse. The obverse, in addition, is covered with microscopic rust dots.

Purchased from Lee Hewitt, April 17, 1972.

Gem Proof 1869 Standard Silver 10¢

P-782, Silver

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1089 1869 pattern dime. P-782, J-703. Rarity-6+. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: A brilliant ivory cameo Proof.

Narrative: Consarieties of 1869-dated Standard Silver pattern dimes, those struck in silver appear to be the most available, with copper examples scarcer, and aluminum clearly the rarest. The cataloguer of this particular lot (Mark Borckardt) suggests the following estimates: silver, 140 coins; copper, 50 pieces; and aluminum, 30 survivors. Remember that these suggested totals are for all 18 varieties of the year, six in each composition. In addition, examples with plain edge are generally scarcer than those with reeded edge.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 30.8 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Faint obverse and reverse die lines are visible, along with microscopic die rust on the obverse.

From Stack's ANA Sale, August 11, 1971, Lot 393. Previously from the Waldorf Sale, April 1959, Lot 1060.

Sharply Struck 1869 Standard Silver Dime

P-787, Silver

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1090 1869 pattern dime. P-787, J-708. Rarity-5. Standard Silver. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: A bust of Liberty is facing right, wearing a headband ornamented by a star, her hair tied in a bun. Above, the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Below, a scroll inscribed with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Sharply struck with the exception of slight weakness at the top of Liberty's head and the bottom of the wreath. Moderately deep toning blends russet, blue, and amber. The fields are quite reflective with cameo devices. A small planchet defect is visible in the right obverse field, beside Liberty's chin.

Narrative: This is one of the two most available Standard Silver dimes from the 1869 series. Even with this status, we estimate less than 40 survivors remain. These were sold by the Mint as part of sets including nine coins, three of each denomination including dimes, quarters, and half dollars. Early pattern researcher William Woodin reported that 69 such sets were produced, and offered for sale at $15 per set.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 30.8 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Several prominent die lines are visible in the upper portion of the obverse.

From Stack's ANA Sale, August 11, 1971, Lot 395. Previously from Stack's David Golding Sale, June 1952, Lot 15.

Gem Proof 1869 Standard Silver Dime

P-788, Silver

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1091 1869 pattern dime. P-788, J-709. Rarity-6. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Brilliant silvery white. Typically weak at the top of Liberty's head and the bottom of the wreath. A lovely example.

Narrative: From the same dies as the preceding lot, although now struck with a plain edge. While considering the sets offered by the Mint, and mentioned above, it is not known with certainty whether these were plain edge or reeded edge coins. We assume they were reeded edge coins, given the reported quantity issued and the relative scarcity of the different edge variations. Reeded edge coins are somewhat more available than plain edge examples.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 31.0 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Heavy die lines cross the obverse at various angles; a few minute lines are visible on the reverse.

From Stack's ANA Sale, August 11, 1971, Lot 396. Previously from the Waldorf Sale, April 1959, Lot 1059.

1869 Silver-Nickel Dime

P-793, Date on Reverse

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1092 1869 pattern dime. P-793, J-714. Rarity-7. Liberty Seated, special alloy inscription, date on reverse. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver-nickel. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: The Liberty Seated design with legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, around, as on the regular-issue design of this year. There is no date on the obverse.

Reverse Design: Inscriptive reference to the proposed composition in two lines, SIL. 9 above, NIC. 1 below. Below this is the date, 1869.

Surfaces: A bright cameo Proof with deeply reflective fields. Very faint gold toning with a few small spots at the center of the reverse. Microscopic hairlines are also visible.

Narrative: These patterns were discussed by Mint Director James Pollock in his Annual Report for the year ending June 30, 1869. "Another experiment, in which nickel had its part, was to substitute that metal for copper, in making the standard silver coins; namely, nine parts silver with one part nickel. This, it was supposed, would increase the durability of the coin." The results of the experiment were unsatisfactory, the Mint personnel finding that nickel and silver just do not mix.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 30.2 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Heavy die lines crisscross the obverse, along with a few minute die lumps. The reverse has lighter die lines, mostly diagonal, down to the right.

Wharton's Advocacy of Nickel: During the 1860s, Joseph Wharton (March 3, 1826 - January 11, 1909), purchaser in 1863 of a nickel mine at Lancaster Gap, Pennsylvania, applied constant pressure to the Mint and the Treasury Department to utilize more of this metal. This was contrary to the desires of Mint personnel who had great problems with the hardness of nickel metal, which from the introduction of the copper-nickel cent (1857) had caused many problems with planchet fabrication and die breakage. Under the date of April 15, 1864, he published a pamphlet, "Project for Reorganizing the Small Coinage of the United States of America," which recommended that the use of nickel be increased, and denominations of 1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 5¢, and 10¢ be made with an alloy of 25% nickel and 75% copper. No doubt, the Coining Department at the Mint was aghast at such a proposal.

Active lobbyist and influence-peddler par excellence, Wharton had friends in high places and was well known in his time for his unflagging efforts to influence legislators, this at a time when Mint officials (James Pollock and Richard Henry Linderman come to mind) had flexible consciences and ethics that varied according to the opportunities presented to them. Because of Wharton's influence with Pollock, America had the nickel three-cent piece (1865) and the nickel five-cent piece (1866). These denominations seem to have served well in circulation, and although bronze would have been slightly cheaper and easier to work with, there were few complaints registered past the 1860s. Meanwhile, in the first decade of Wharton's ownership of his nickel mine, the Mint had to deal with various proposals advocating nickel, such as the alloys mentioned in the inscription for this and the following lot. Pollock did not like all of the nickel alloy proposals, and as recorded in the description of the following lot, he condemned a version known as Koulz's alloy. In standard form, the American coinage alloy for "nickel" coins was 75% copper and 25% nickel.

Wharton set up exhibits promoting nickel at international fairs in Vienna in 1873 and Philadelphia in 1876, among other places. He sought to influence various countries-Russia in particular, but his petition was unsuccessful-to substitute nickel alloy for silver in coinage, stating that great profits could be made this way. In 1877 he operated the American Nickel Works in Camden, New Jersey, and distributed his Memorandum Concerning Small Money and Nickel Alloy Coinage, with Illustrations and Descriptions of Existing Alloy Coins.

In 1883, as noted earlier in our offering of five-cent patterns, there was a renewed effort to get the Mint to use more nickel in its coinage, the alloy being 75% copper and 25% nickel at the time. Patterns were made with increased nickel content of 33%, 50%, and 100%, although there was no reason for a change to be made.

History has been kind to Wharton, and he has been largely lionized in print over the years, except in obscure financial and political analyses (Neil Carothers' exhaustively researched 1930 book, Fractional Money, being an example). Only a few modern scholars have ever taken the time to consult original source material to gain biographical details of 19th-century "captains of industry." In 1881 the Wharton School of Finance was established at the University of Pennsylvania by a gift from Wharton, who by that time had been the sole United States refiner of nickel for years. Probably, few people in that fine institution today know anything of Wharton's unrelenting efforts with the Mint in the 1860s and unfeasible alloy proposals such as that offered in the present lot.

The study of nickel coinage in history is fascinating, and dates back to the ancient issues of Bactria, circa 220 B.C. However, widespread use of the metal did not take place until the 19th century.

From the RARCOA's sale of the Harry X Boosel "1873" Collection, April 1972, Lot 1073. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 300.

1869 Koulz's Alloy Dime

P-797, Copper

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1093 1869 pattern dime. P-797, J-717. Rarity-7. Liberty Seated, Koulz's alloy inscription, date on reverse. Proof-64 RB (PCGS). Copper. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: Similar to the preceding, except the inscription is in three lines, SIL. above, NIC. central, and COP. below. The date, 1869, is below, in a curved line.

Surfaces: Predominantly bright orange "mint red" with splashes of light blue toning and a few insignificant spots. Some very faint hairlines appear to be mixed with die polish lines, these two features being somewhat indistinguishable. An attractive cameo Proof.

Narrative: The inscription refers to "Koulz's alloy" suggested by the German chemist of this name. After experiments with this composition, Mint Director Pollock finally stated: "In short, nothing could be more unfit for coinage."

Technical Aspects: Weight: 31.2 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Numerous die polishing lines are visible on both obverse and reverse.

Purchased from Brinton T. Schorer, May 3, 1973.

Liberty Seated "Standard Silver" 10¢

P-915, Silver

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1094 1870 pattern dime. P-915, J-825. Rarity-7. Barber's Liberty Seated obverse, Standard Silver reverse. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: A full figure of Liberty is seated, facing left. The legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, is around with the date, 1870, below. Liberty supports a shield with her right hand, a scroll crossing the shield is inscribed LIBERTY. Her left hand holds an olive branch. A freestanding pole with Liberty cap passes behind the shield.

Reverse Design: A wreath of cotton and corn encloses the denomination, in two lines 10 CENTS. The inscription STANDARD is above.

Surfaces: A highly reflective and brilliant cameo Proof. This is a lovely example to illustrate Barber's Liberty Seated design.

Narrative: This is one of the very attractive obverse designs proposed for regular-issue coinage, but it was never employed in that role. The reverse die was borrowed from the extensive Standard Silver coinage.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 38.3 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Minor die lines with numerous tiny pinpoint rust marks on the reverse.

Purchased from Abe Kosoff, August 3, 1971.

1870 "Standard Silver" Dime

P-917, Copper

Exceedingly Rare

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1095 1870 pattern dime. P-917, J-827. Rarity-7+. Barber's Liberty Seated obverse, Standard Silver reverse. Proof-64 RB (PCGS). Copper. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: A pretty coin with bright reddish orange accented by pale lilac and very faint splashes of blue. A few very minor spots are noted, the most prominent being at 1:00 on the obverse rim. Faint hairlines and a few scattered lint marks are mentioned for accuracy.

Narrative: Just two specimens were enumerated in the Pollock reference, this example and the Farouk Collection coin. The present piece represents an exceptional opportunity.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 36.1 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

From Superior's sale of December 13, 1972, Lot 2180.

1870 Liberty Seated Dime

Barber's Design

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1096 1870 pattern dime. P-922, J-832. Rarity-7. Barber's Liberty Seated obverse. Proof-63 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: The adopted design for the regular-issue Liberty Seated dime.

Surfaces: Deeply reflective with moderate cameo devices and a few faint hairlines. Mostly brilliant with a trace of steel toning at the peripheries.

Narrative: A gem example from the extensive series of pattern coins issued in 1870. Andrew Pollock noted that more than 250 different pattern varieties are listed in his reference for this single year.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 38.5 grains. Diameter: 17.7 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: A tiny patch of die rust is visible between the E of ONE and the wreath. A die line on the reverse above ONE appears, at first glance, to be a hairline scratch. We were about to describe this as such until we noted the identical line on another pattern, the P-923 in the next lot. For another example from the same reverse die, see 1871 P-1213.

From RARCOA's sale of the Harry X Boosel "1873" Collection, April 28, 1972, Lot 1090.

1870 Barber Liberty Seated 10¢

P-923, Copper

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1097 1870 pattern dime. P-923, J-833. Rarity-6+. Barber's Liberty Seated obverse. Proof-66 RB (PCGS). Copper. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Deeply toned obverse, primarily lilac and blue. The reverse is mostly pinkish orange with a trace of peripheral lilac.

Narrative: From the same dies as the preceding lot, this example struck in copper. Certainly fewer than 20 examples are known.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 35.8 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: As preceding.

From Superior's sale of December 13, 1972, Lot 2182.

1870 Standard Silver Dime

P-928, Silver

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1098 1870 pattern dime. P-928, J-837. Rarity-5+. Standard Silver. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: A bust of Liberty is facing right, wearing a cap ornamented by three stars. Above, the legend UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Below, a scroll inscribed with the motto IN GOD WE TRUST.

Reverse Design: The denomination and date, 10 CENTS 1870, are enclosed within a wreath of cotton and corn, the inscription, STANDARD, above.

Surfaces: A lightly mirrored cameo Proof with deep gold and bluish green toning. A few minor spots are noted on the obverse.

Narrative: The Mint continued the Standard Silver issues in 1870, adding reverse design variations to the scheme, allowing even more varieties to be issued. For the 10-cent issues of this year, three obverse designs were each combined with two different reverse designs, creating six type issues. Each of these combinations was issued in silver, copper, and aluminum with each composition prepared with plain or reeded edge. For the Standard Silver dimes of 1870, the total count is 36 different varieties. Seven of these are included in the present offering.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.9 grains. Diameter: 16.4 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

From Stack's ANA Sale, August 11, 1971, Lot 406.

Gem 1870 Standard Silver Dime

P-934, Aluminum

Exceedingly Rare

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1099 1870 pattern dime. P-934, J-842. Rarity-7. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Aluminum. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: A lovely bright gray example with moderate cameo devices. A tiny planchet flake is noted at the center of the reverse.

Narrative: As with the 1869 issue, silver examples are more common with aluminum issues being the scarcest. Of this variety, the Bass and Farouk coins are the only two listed by Andrew Pollock.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 10.1 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Very faint die lines are visible.

From Superior's sale of December 13, 1972, Lot 2183.

1870 Standard Silver Dime

P-935, Silver

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1100 1870 pattern dime. P-935, J-855. Rarity-6+. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: The denomination, 10 CENTS, is inside a wreath of oak and laurel, the inscription STANDARD SILVER above, the date below.

Surfaces: Slight weakness is noted at the center of the obverse. Brilliant silvery white with a trace of very faint golden brown. Deep mirrored fields and lightly frosted devices. A lovely example.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.7 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Faint die lines are visible on the obverse.

Purchased from Julian Leidman, August 14, 1971.

1870 P-942 Standard Silver 10¢

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1101 1870 pattern dime. P-942, J-843. Rarity-5+. Standard Silver. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Reverse Design: The denomination and date, 10 CENTS 1870, are enclosed within a wreath of cotton and corn, the inscription, STANDARD, above.

Surfaces: Faint gold toning over brilliant silvery surfaces. The devices are mildly lustrous.

Narrative: Most, perhaps all, major varieties of pattern coinage have been well documented over the years, especially with the publication of Andrew Pollock's landmark reference covering this amazing chapter of numismatics. The opportunity for further research certainly exists, especially in terms of very minor varieties. The current offering provides a typical example, a doubled date that has not previously been described. Among coins in the present sale, this same doubled date appears on all examples sharing this reverse die.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.4 grains. Diameter: 16.4 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Faint die lines and pinpoint rust marks are noted, with most of these on the obverse. The date is minutely doubled.

Purchased from Joe Flynn, Sr. Coin Co., August 10, 1971. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 319.

Very Rare 1870 P-949 Dime

Only Five Traced

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1102 1870 pattern dime. P-949, J-861. Rarity-7. Standard Silver. Proof-66 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: The denomination, 10 CENTS, is inside a wreath of oak and laurel, the inscription STANDARD SILVER above, the date below.

Surfaces: A brilliant cameo with a trace of champagne toning.

Narrative: Just five examples of this variety were listed by Andrew Pollock. Possibly one or two others exist.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.7 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Faint die lines with numerous pinpoint rust pits on the obverse. A curved die line extends through the top of 1 and bottom of 8, to the border.

Purchased from Julian Leidman, August 14, 1971. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 320.

Gem 1870 Standard Silver Dime

P-956, Silver

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1103 1870 pattern dime. P-956, J-849. Rarity-5+. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Reverse Design: The denomination and date, 10 CENTS 1870, are enclosed within a wreath of cotton and corn, the inscription, STANDARD, above.

Surfaces: A deeply mirrored cameo Proof with brilliant silvery white surfaces and very sharp design details. A lovely example for the connoisseur.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.9 grains. Diameter: 16.4 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Prominent obverse and reverse die lines are noted.

Purchased from Joe Flynn, Sr. Coin Co., August 10, 1971. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 321.

1870 Standard Silver Dime

P-963, Silver

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1104 1870 pattern dime. P-963, J-867. Rarity-7. Standard Silver. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: The denomination, 10 CENTS, is inside a wreath of oak and laurel, the inscription STANDARD SILVER above, the date below.

Surfaces: Faint champagne toning over brilliant silver surfaces with deeply reflective fields and cameo devices. Sharply struck.

Narrative: Another pattern rarity that appears to be solidly within the Rarity-7 category. We estimate just six or seven survivors are known.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 33.7 grains. Diameter: 16.5 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Prominent die lines.

Purchased from Julian Leidman, August 14, 1971.

Longacre's 1871 Indian Princess Dime

P-1210, Silver

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1105 1871 pattern dime. P-1210, J-1074. Rarity-7. Indian Princess obverse, starless fields. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Longacre's magnificent Indian Princess motif, no stars in field. A full figure of Liberty is seated on a globe, facing left, wearing an Indian headdress. A pole with liberty cap is held in her right hand with her left hand resting on the globe, which is inscribed LIBERTY. The date, 1871, is below. Behind Liberty's left shoulder are two flags, one ornamented with 13 stars.

Reverse Design: A wreath of cotton and corn encloses the denomination, in two lines 10 CENTS. The inscription STANDARD is above. The Standard Silver die is a slightly smaller diameter than a normal pattern dime, thus the wide reverse border.

Surfaces: A lovely example, mostly brilliant with very light gold toning. A cameo Proof with deep mirrored fields.

Narrative: Approximately a half dozen survivors remain from these dies. It is generally agreed among pattern enthusiasts that this starless obverse Indian Princess motif is a high point of Longacre's work. However, the artist, who died on January 1, 1869, never saw a coined example.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 36.2 grains. Diameter: 17.8 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: A short die scratch extends from the right base of the final 1. Pinpoint die rust is noted on the reverse.

Purchased from Steve Ivy, October 7, 1974.

Longacre's 1871 Indian Princess Pattern

P-1213, Starless Field

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1106 1871 pattern dime. P-1213, J-1077. Rarity-7. Indian Princess obverse, starless field. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Longacre's Indian Princess, starless field, as preceding.

Reverse Design: The regular-issue design for dimes of this type.

Surfaces: A moderate cameo Proof with faint steel blue toning over otherwise brilliant surfaces.

Narrative: A very scarce pattern issue with possibly only four or five known. This may be one of the finest of these survivors.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 35.0 grains. Diameter: 17.8 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: This is the same reverse die described above, for 1870 P-922; the die line above the denomination is clearly visible.

From Boozer & Weaver's sale of February 19, 1979. Previously from Robert Hughes' Byron Johnson Sale, January 30, 1979, Lot 37.

Longacre's 1871 Indian Princess 10¢

P-1215, Silver

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1107 1871 pattern dime. P-1215, J-1079. Rarity-7. Indian Princess obverse, starless field. Proof-65 (PCGS). Aluminum. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Longacre's Indian Princess, starless field, as preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: Reflective bright gray with lightly frosted devices. A tiny planchet flaw is located outside the wreath at 3:30. Extraordinarily sharp.

Narrative: A rarity among pattern dimes of 1871. Just three examples were enumerated by Pollock with possibly two or three others surviving. As a general rule, patterns struck in aluminum are the scarcest of all issues from the standard pattern coinage metals of silver, copper, nickel, and aluminum.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 12.0 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 170°.

From Stack's ANA Sale, August 11, 1971, Lot 415. Previously from Abner Kreisberg's Waldorf Sale, February 1960, Lot 2363.

Longacre's 1871 Indian Princess Dime

P-1217, Copper

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1108 1871 pattern dime. P-1217, J-1081. Rarity-7. Indian Princess obverse, stars in field. Proof-65 RB (PCGS). Copper. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Longacre's Indian Princess, now with the addition of 13 stars around the border.

Reverse Design: A wreath of cotton and corn encloses the denomination, in two lines 10 CENTS. The inscription STANDARD is above.

Surfaces: An aesthetically delightful example which combines bright orange with lilac and blue. A high wire rim is noted on the obverse at 11:00.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 36.2 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

Gem Proof 1871 Indian Princess Dime

P-1220, Silver

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1109 1871 pattern dime. P-1220, J-1084. Rarity-7. Indian Princess obverse, stars in field. Proof-65 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Longacre's Indian Princess design, stars in field.

Reverse Design: The regular-issue design for dimes of 1871.

Surfaces: Brilliant reflective mirrored fields are highlighted by bright blue splashes about the periphery. An attractive cameo Proof.

Narrative: This lovely gem certainly ranks among the finest of just six or seven known. Andrew Pollock listed just five including this coin. The others are from the Garrett, Bareford, Farouk, and Lemus collections.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 38.1 grains. Diameter: 17.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°. Die notes: Numerous obverse die polishing lines are noted.

Purchased from Stanley Kesselman, November 11, 1971.

Famous 1879 "Washlady" Dime

P-1778, Copper

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1110 1879 pattern dime. P-1778, J-1585. Rarity-6. Washlady motif. Proof-66 RD (PCGS). Copper. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: Charles Barber's famous Washlady obverse. Head of Liberty faces left, wearing a hairband inscribed LIBERTY. Her hair is tied up behind her head and the hairband is ornamented with wheat ears, cotton leaves, and cotton bolls. The legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, is around with the date, 1879, below. The left bottom of E in STATES is doubled.

Reverse Design: The denomination, ONE DIME, is within a circle of dots with a wreath of wheat and cotton around. Above, the motto, E PLURIBUS UNUM, is inside an ornamental cartouche.

Surfaces: An example of exquisite quality. Superb bright orange mirrored fields surround frosted cameo devices. This lovely gem is blessed with extraordinary surfaces and pristine characteristics. Truly a coin for the ages; one which the connoisseur will consider a highlight of his or her cabinet.

Narrative: This is one of the very finest copper impressions we have handled. The "Washlady" appellation dates back to 1891, and possibly earlier. The cataloguer of the Francis Worcester Doughty Collection, sold that year by New York Coin & Stamp Co. included the nickname as part of an offering of this design. More on this subject, plus a proposal for an alternate nickname, will be found under our listing for the 1879 "Washlady" silver dollar.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 36.9 grains. Diameter: 18.0 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Lee Hewitt, April 17, 1972.

Superb Gem 1879 Morgan 10¢

P-1781, Silver

Beautiful and Rare

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1111 1879 pattern dime. P-1781, J-1588. Rarity-6+. Morgan's Liberty Head. Proof-68 (PCGS). Silver. Reeded edge.

Obverse Design: A miniature bust of Liberty, by George T. Morgan, essentially the same as found on the Morgan silver dollar. The legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, is around with the date, 1879, below.

Reverse Design: A circular wreath of corn, cotton, tobacco, and wheat surrounds the denomination, ONE DIME, and the motto, E PLURIBUS UNUM. A semicircle of 13 stars is below the denomination with a complete circle of dots separating the inscription and wreath.

Surfaces: Deep sea green iridescence changes to maroon at different angles to the light. A trace of lighter amber and russet is visible at the top of the reverse. The surfaces are impeccable; flawless if you prefer. A coin which combines rarity, popularity of design, and extraordinary quality.

Narrative: Not only is this lovely pattern important for the specialist in patterns or the 10-cent denomination, it should also find a level of interest among specialists in Morgan dollars, due to the similarity in obverse design. Effectively, a miniature Morgan dollar. The model for the portrait was Anna Willess Williams, a young Philadelphia kindergarten teacher.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 39.1 grains. Diameter: 18.0 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

From New Netherlands Coin Co.'s 61st Sale, June 30, 1970, Lot 69. Previously from Abe Kosoff's 1942 ANA Sale, Lot 488.

Bailly's 1874 Pattern 20¢

P-1500, Aluminum

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1112 1874 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1500, J-1356. Rarity-7. Bailly's "Agricultural" Liberty motif. Proof-65 (PCGS). Aluminum. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: Liberty is seated on a globe, which is inscribed LIBERTY, and faces left. She is seated among cotton bales, tobacco plants, and sheaves of wheat. Her left hand rests on the globe and her right hand supports a pole with liberty cap. Thirteen stars are around the border with the date, 1874, below. Popularly attributed to J.A. Bailly.

Reverse Design: Very similar to the design adopted for use from 1875 to 1878. The olive leaves and other minute details are treated in a slightly different manner.

Surfaces: Sharply struck with attractive light gray surfaces, moderate reflectivity, and light cameo devices. Some very faint dusky toning is visible.

Narrative: This coin is popularly attributed to Joseph A. Bailly, a sculptor who is said to have issued a repertoire of medals and, perhaps, designed a few pattern coins (most notably, the 1873 trade dollar P-1427). See biographical data at the beginning of our pattern offering. Also see our comment about this motif under our description of the 1873 trade dollar pattern P-1458.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 21.8 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Twenty-Cent Pieces: The 20-cent piece seemed like a good idea, and for a time hopes for its success ran high. However, similar to the Susan B. Anthony dollar in our own time (1979-1981) the public rejected it. Thus, in circulation the career of this silver denomination was brief, with just one year-1875-accounting for any meaningful production.

The idea was spawned in 1874 when Senator John P. Jones of Nevada introduced a bill to provide for a new denomination, the 20-cent piece. When considered today, the rationale seems a bit complex, but paraphrasing Neil Carothers' explanation (in his book, Fractional Money, 1930), here it is:

"During the early 1870s, silver coins were not circulating in the East at all but were plentiful in California, Nevada and surrounding western districts. Spanish silver coins, once the staple coinage of the district, had long since disappeared from circulation, but the term "bit," referring to a 12-1/2¢ one-real coin was still commonly used. Prices were quoted in bits, even though there were no silver bits in commerce. Someone who bought something priced at one bit and gave a quarter dollar in payment received a dime, called a "short bit," in exchange. He should have received a Spanish silver bit or real, or a dime and two and a half cents, but there were no reals in circulation in the West nor were there any half cents or one-cent pieces. The one-cent denomination was so unpopular that it was not until 1908 that this denomination was even coined in San Francisco. Nickels were not popular either, and for this reason they were not coined until 1912. Coins in circulation in the American West were silver and gold, the preferred metals. Jones in his proposal suggested that the 20-cent piece would stop this overcharging, for reasons that are not completely clear."

Henry R. Linderman, director of the Mint, made this statement, also somewhat unclear to the modern reader:

"The issue of a coin of that denomination will not only be in accordance with our decimal system of money, but will remove a difficulty in making change which now exists upon the Pacific Coast and in Texas where the five-cent copper-nickel coins do not circulate, and where it was formerly the practice to apply the term 'bits,' 'two bits,' 'four bits,' respectively to fractions of the Spanish dollar which circulated there."

It was further suggested by others that the 20-cent piece was more fitting to our system of currency, for in the large denomination paper money notes there were issues of $10, $20, and $50, but none of $25. Thus a 20-cent piece would be more compatible.

It is said that Mint Superintendent James Pollock commissioned Philadelphia sculptor Joseph A. Bailly to make a new and original design for the 20-cent piece. The above-offered pattern, attributed to Bailly, may have been the result. However, the identical design was used earlier, on an 1873 trade dollar. Thus, further investigation seems to be indicated.

Whatever the scenario, many other patterns were prepared, mostly by Chief Engraver William Barber. For the years 1874 and 1875, Andrew W. Pollock III in his book lists 29 different varieties known to exist. Some of these are quite distinctive. The series offers a challenge to the numismatist. Although completion has never been achieved by anyone, with a few years' effort, a representative collection can be gathered.

Regarding regular-issue 20-cent pieces, despite a proliferation of patterns, when a motif was selected for circulation it was the regular Liberty seated style as used on the quarter of the period. The eagle was copied from the trade dollar. With a size, shape, and design somewhat similar to the quarter (although the 20-cent piece had a plain edge rather than a reeded edge), the new denomination caused much confusion when it was introduced to the public. One of the first complaints was registered by the operator of the steam ferry connecting San Francisco to Oakland, A 20-cent piece would be given as payment for a five-cent boat ride, and the ticket seller, mistaking it for a quarter, would give too much change.

After a mintage of over one million pieces the first year, 1875, production dropped sharply. In 1876 fewer than 25,000 coins were struck for circulation, and of this number apparently most were melted. The two following years, 1877 and 1878, were limited solely to Proof strikings made for collectors. After that time the denomination was discontinued.

A few years later, Dr. Henry R. Linderman, in his excellent book, Money and Legal Tender, said it was a mistake to introduce the piece, but that it was a proper denomination between a dime and a half dollar and should have been used instead of a quarter dollar. It will be recalled that there is no $25 bill.

Purchased from Stanley Kesselman, August 30, 1971.

Bailly's 1874 Pattern 20¢

P-1503, Nickel

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1113 1874 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1503, J-1358. Rarity-8. Bailly's "Agricultural" Liberty motif. Proof-66 (PCGS). Nickel. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: A wreath of laurel with two branches tied below by ribbon and bow. Inside the wreath, the denomination, 20 CENTS, is in two lines, with the legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA around. The large digit 2 in the denomination is recut at the lower left.

Surfaces: Slightly subdued by light gold toning. Reflective fields surround frosted devices. An attractive cameo Proof.

Narrative: Saul Teichman advises that three examples of this variety are confirmed. If this represents the total population, the rating is Rarity-8. The elusive character of this variety plus its high grade make this a very important offering.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 67.1 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974. Illustrated in United States Patterns and Related Issues, by Andrew W. Pollock III, as figure 411.

1875 Pattern Twenty Cents

P-1542, Silver

Error Die

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1114 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1542, J-1399. Rarity-6. Liberty by the Seashore. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: Liberty is seated on a globe facing left. Her left hand is on the globe, which is inscribed LIBERTY. Her raised right hand holds an olive branch. Liberty faces the sea with a ship in the distance. Thirteen stars above, and the date, 1875, below. The ship sails to the east (right) with sails billowed in the forward direction, however, the smoke from the stack is trailing behind the ship, to the west! This diecutting error is seen on certain other patterns, notably in the trade dollar series.

Reverse Design: Same as P-1500, above, and similar to the adopted reverse.

Surfaces: Sharply struck with deep mirrored fields. An attractive cameo Proof. Essentially brilliant with a whisper of champagne toning.

Narrative: This is a very appealing pattern due to its curious obverse die, its rarity, and its high grade.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 77.5 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

From Paramount's sale of August 16, 1972, Lot 890. Previously from M.H. Bolender.

1875 Liberty by the Seashore 20¢

P-1543, Copper

Error Die

1115 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1543, J-1400. Rarity-7. Liberty by the Seashore. Proof-66 RB (PCGS). Copper. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding, with nautical error.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: A sharply struck example with primarily light brown obverse exhibiting splashes of red. The reverse mirrors the obverse with mostly red and traces of light brown. Hints of blue accent the reverse. A very pleasing specimen.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 53.7 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Julian Leidman, July 28, 1972.

1875 P-1546 Pattern 20¢

Liberty by the Seashore

Error Die

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1116 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1546, J-1403. Rarity-6. Liberty by the Seashore. Proof-63 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding, with meteorological error.

Reverse Design: The denomination, 20 CENTS, in two lines is enclosed within an olive wreath. Around, the legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. This is the same die as P-1503, above, with the digit 2 sharply recut.

Surfaces: Mottled obverse with steel blue, amber, and light green. The reverse is mostly light gold and blue. A number of light hairlines and other abrasions are present, mostly on the obverse.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 77.0 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

Lovely 1875 Pattern Twenty Cents

P-1547, Copper

Error Die

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1117 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1547, J-1404. Rarity-6+. Liberty by the Seashore. Proof-67 BN (PCGS). Copper. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding, with ship displaying William Barber's lack of meteorology, or natural reality, and/or common sense.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: An iridescent gem Proof with amazing bright blue toning, changing to deep maroon at different angles to the light. Toning provides a nice visual companion to the 1879 Morgan Head dime offered a few lots earlier. This is a gem-quality example for the connoisseur.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 56.1 grains. Diameter: 21.9 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 1, 1974.

1875 Ship Error Pattern 20¢

P-1548, Aluminum

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1118 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1548, J-1405. Rarity-7. Liberty by the Seashore. Proof-67 Aluminum. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: As preceding.

Reverse Design: As preceding.

Surfaces: A pleasing light gray cameo Proof.

Narrative: Just five or six are known. Patterns in aluminum are among the scarcest issued. The quality of the present coin is nonpareil.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 16.5 grains. Diameter: 22.0 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Numismatics, Ltd., August 12, 1974.

1875 Liberty Seated 20¢

Gobrecht's Design

P-1550, Silver

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1119 1875 pattern twenty-cent piece. P-1550, J-1407. Rarity-6. Gobrecht's Liberty Seated obverse. Proof-64 (PCGS). Silver. Plain edge.

Obverse Design: Similar to the adopted type, however, the date is smaller and LIBERTY is expressed in incuse letters.

Reverse Design: A laurel wreath with the legend, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, around and the denomination, TWENTY CENTS, below. Inside the wreath, the denomination is expressed as 1/5 OF A DOLLAR.

Surfaces: Sharply struck with deeply reflective fields and cameo devices. An attractive pattern with light gold toning and a few very minor hairlines.

Technical Aspects: Weight: 76.9 grains. Diameter: 22.0 mm. Die alignment: 180°.

Purchased from Julian Leidman, September 16, 1971.